Epistemology: Scientific Method and Knowledge Essay

Epistemology can be difficult to understand and maybe even harder to say. The short answer is that epistemology is the theory of knowledge. Perhaps that is too short of an answer, allow me expand. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions concerning the nature, scope, and sources of knowledge. Even these concepts can be foreign to the common public. The nature of knowledge is basically the qualities that constitute knowledge. One would find this answer by asking â€Å"What is knowledge? † The scope of knowledge sets the limits on what is knowledge and is a belief, hypothesis, or guess. A person must prove knowledge. Suppose I generated a completely random number and I asked you what number I was thinking of. If you stated the correct number, does that mean you knew what I was thinking? The source of knowledge covers how we attain our knowledge. Now that we have established a basic understanding of epistemology, we can cover a few of the major schools of thought. When you think about a persons reasoning process, some people divide a persons thoughts into rational and irrational. If you are one of these people, you would use a deductive method of reasoning. You would also be considered a rationalist. As a rationalist, you believe that you can know things for certain even if you have never experienced it yourself. If you wanted to know which object would hit the ground first, when given two objects with different masses, you could take what you know about physics and figure it out without ever having to actually perform the experiment. There is another group that uses deductive reasoning but argue â€Å"all ideas trace ultimately back to experiences, such as perceptions and emotions. â€Å"(IEP, par. 2) These are the empiricists. These individuals claimed that if we didn’t have any experiences, we would have nothing to base our ideas off of. Taking a look back at the example above, you can see that we must know something about gravity. Our ideas on gravity stemmed from the observations of people like Newton. You can now see, through a little bit of deductive reasoning, how they believe everything is inductive. Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who attempted to combine rationalism and empiricism. It is called the â€Å"form and matter† epistemology. (Quine par 5) The idea is that you need to take into account your experiences and use deductive reasoning. Quine uses a metaphor involving the statue of Abraham Lincoln. Quine says â€Å"A statue can have a form such as Abraham Lincoln and a matter such as marble; you need both a form and a matter to have a statue. So in knowledge you need a form, which are categories of the mind, and matter which are the data of sensations. † What I understand of this is that you cannot experience everything in life so you must use deductive reasoning, but you must experience some things to have a basis for your knowledge. Skepticism is just as it sounds, to doubt. You may be familiar with the statement â€Å"I think, therefore I am† but may not know what it means, who stated it, and why it was ever said, and how it relates to skepticism. Descartes was looking for a way to prove truths by disproving everything else. He used two conjectures, the dream conjecture and the evil demon conjecture. The dream conjecture utilized the fact that the truth could be a figment of the imagination. The evil demon conjecture posed the idea that a malevolent force was distorting reality. Descartes used these two as tools. If a truth could pass these two filters, then indeed it was the truth. What he discovered was that a person could doubt everything except one truth: â€Å"I think, therefore I am† Here’s how it passed the test. A person must exist to be able to think. To doubt something requires thought. So the act of doubting your own existence proves that you exist. This was a great discovery but Descartes was troubled with other questions. Descartes found it difficult to make the mind-body connection. That is, the mind is immaterial and the body is physical, how can something immaterial move something that is material. Parallelism was proposed as a solution. Simply put, the mind does not move the arm, the act of willing the arm to move only appears to make the arm move. Two events happen in parallel, the act of willing the arm to move and the arm actually moving. How does it just so happen that these to events happen at precisely the same time? Occasionalism, a variant of parallelism, was offered. A person wills their arm to move and on that occasion a divine power causes the arm to move. Many theories have been set forth, some a little harder to grasp or understand than the others. From the examples above you may begin to understand what epistemology is. You can grasp parts from the short stories above that help explain the nature, scope, and sources of knowledge. Depending on your  position, all of this information presented could not even be true. You may not really be reading this. You may not even exist, do you doubt it? Works Cited http://pantheon. yale. edu http://www. london-oratory. org/philosophy W. V. O. Quine. Epistemology. 23 Mar 2004 The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Continental Rationalism. 23 Mar 2004 Chapter 6-Philosophy-The Rise of Modern Metaphysics and Epistemology Chapter 7-Philosophy-The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Epistemology-University of Phoenix Faculty Material.

How Does the Writer Tell the Story in Godiva? Essay

Godiva is poem written by Alfred Tennyson about a well known myth regarding a woman named Godiva. The Earl who ruled Coventry wanted the people to pay more tax which they could not afford. Godiva asked him to lower the tax, and the Earl told her he would repeal the tax if she rode through the town naked. Godiva therefore agreed to this, and the townspeople stayed inside and shut all the doors and windows so no one would see Godiva, allowing her to keep her dignity. Godiva rode through the town naked on her horse, however someone peeped through a hole to see Godiva exposed. His eyes shrivelled into his head and he never saw Godiva naked. She saved her people by sacrificing herself and took the tax away. Godiva is a narrative poem written in blank verse and unrhymed iambic pentameter. This form shows respect towards the character, and helps to enhance the poem’s message. Rather than being lyrical, the narrative form and slow pace gives Godiva dignity and admiration for the sacrifice she made to save her people. Godiva is the Earl’s wife, so in actual fact she is Lady Godiva, however Tennyson chooses not to use her status to enhance the meaning and inspiration behind what she did. It’s not about who she is; it’s about what she did. The poem is written in chronological order regarding the event. This helps the reader understand the situation better, as we understand the desperation and pain of the townspeople, and then we are taken on Godiva’s journey through the town. As a reader we feel the tension of every stride of her sacrifice, and therefore have a full understanding of the appreciation and respect the people feel towards Godiva. Tennyson has written this poem in third person narrative. There is also some direct speech present. The direct speech on line 15 is effective because it highlights the people’s desperation, and Godiva’s voice on line 20 echoes the townspeople. The poem begins with a four line stanza in first person as if it is the poet speaking. As a reader, this draws our attention to the poet’s respect for Godiva; Tennyson is inspired by her. The first stanza prepares us for Godiva’s sacrifice. Tennyson describes the situation and the people’s feelings, and then goes on to tell us the Earl’s request. The Earl is not given a name, and by doing this Tennyson makes him seem more monstrous and evil. When the Earl talks to Godiva, Tennyson portrays him as being very dismissive and patronising. He also speaks rather informally, reflecting that he does not behave like an Earl should, and this is made obvious when we discover his proposal to Godiva. The break in the stanza gives the reader a chance to reflect and take in what has happened. This pause builds anticipation and mystery as to whether Godiva will accept the challenge. Purity and innocence are key symbols throughout the poem. The mention of eagles in the third stanza represents wealth and pride. Godiva is proud to help her people. There is natural beauty in her sacrifice and the use of alliteration when describing her hair emphasises this purity. The fact that no one sees her naked shows how much people respect her and admire her for what she has done. Tennyson builds tension in the penultimate stanza by the use of long sentences with small clauses. As a reader we are taken on Godiva’s journey, and we feel the pain of every moment of her sacrifice. Tennyson chooses to put a dark twist on the myth when the boy peeped to look at Godiva. This is another effective way that reflects the respect for Godiva. The poem ends with the line â€Å"and built herself an everlasting name†. This shows the impact of her sacrifice, and the respect and admiration will remain forever.

Marital rights or partial immunity? Essay

The rape within marriage was not a crime and this principle had stood for centuries until 1992. In the case of R ([1991] 2 All ER 257) the rape within marriage was constituted as a serious crime. Before it became a law it was place for debates and Professor Glanville Williams had given his proposals how the law should be changed on this topic. The current article of the author of Helen Fenwick, who is a lecturer in law at the University of Durham, explains why Prof. Williams proposals are not suitable to be a law and secondly, he considers the effect if Prof. Williams suggestions would have been approved. The article is comprehensive and every argument has decent backup, except one thing that author do not even try to identify merits of Prof. Williams proposals. The marital rights and partial immunity, according to Prof. Williams is important measure. It indicates that offence of rape is somehow different according by who is made. If it was made by to victim known person like cohabitee, husband, ex-cohabitee or ex-husband it should get lesser sentence than rape by stranger. Also it is suggested that domestic rape would be classified as assault and not as rape or indecent offence, because it is less harmful to the victim to be raped by husband than a stranger, and cohabitee or husband should get lesser sentence than stranger. Secondly, according to Prof. Williams all rapist can be put in two groups: present and former husbands and cohabitees on first instance and on second strangers and as I mentioned above Prof. Williams suggests that the former group should be treated more leniently, because its less horrific to the victim and strangers rapist is more dangerous to society. Helen Fenwick is very sceptic about these suggestions, he uses number of arguments, examples in order to prove it. Author does not support marital rights neither partial rights on the subject of domestic rape. In the first place, Fenwick denies merits of using ‘categorisation of rapists’ and uses very one sided examples of domestic rape, husband, and stranger rapists. Author has intention to show that domestic rape can be worse than stranger rape, because of the future consequence. Secondly, Fenwick is against ‘Re-Labelling of All Domestic Crimes’, he argues that it would bring anomalies and injustice and he is right because it requires major changes in domestic offences. Furthermore, author declares that provocation hardly can be working with rape offence, because a husband or cohabitee, who rapes unfaithful wife should be given some allowance. But on the other hand â€Å"Why not to extend such consideration to the distraught husband who beats up his unfai thful wife?†. In the end Fenwick talks about ‘Cohabitation as a mitigating factor in rape’. Author is against this assumption, because husband can be accused of rape, but sentenced on a different scale than stranger. There are some problems however, with Fenwick argument and his overall looking into Professors Glanville Williams articles. It seems that Fenwick is looking for demerits only and very sceptic about Prof. Williams proposals. Furthermore, it can be reasonably believed that when looking at Prof. Williams suggestions it possible to find merits. The court will consider all relationships between victim and offender, and it can hardly be said that it would not take into account when sentencing that when rape occurred the victim and accused was living together. Moreover, when Fenwick using examples of husband and stranger raping victim, he is using extremities. He shows the worst scenario of how husband rapes his wife, with the worst future consequences and he using example to st rengthen his opinion by showing us that stranger who rapes victim can be less harmful. Later he is trying to repair this position by saying that â€Å"I do not want to suggest that â€Å"stranger† rape is really cosy† and â€Å"it is well known that husbands and other members of the family sometimes find any rape hard to come to terms with and may blame the woman†. It reflects that he could use more objective examples. On the other hand, this article is really strong and persuasive. Authors arguments are well backup with creditable information, he is examining problems in depth. Rises proper questions to influence reader and to negate Prof. Williams proposals as it is true that these proposals if incorporated into law would not bring certainty and finality to it, it would bring anomalies and misunderstandings. Fenwick uses statistics to strengthen his position on point that most of the rape is made by people who is known to the victim, and so if Prof. Williams suggestions would be incorporated, it would bring ‘partial immunity’ to the most rapist and they would receive lessen crimes, like domestic assault and others. What is more, the text reflects the Helen Fenwick view and in that time recent decided case of R and Law Commission recommendations, which is mentioned in the article. As author is criticising the Prof. Williams articles it is necessary to say that all Fenwick criticism is justified. The article also respond directly to the points made by Prof. Williams and comes with results how these proposals would had changed law on domestic rape into negative side. It is worth to mention that Fenwick is using current practise and personal reflection to deal with this problem. I am quite sure that Helen Fenwick is right what he is trying to address to us and the key points is set out in easy and comprehensive language in order to access to reader. In the conclusion, Fenwick view is based on the modern policy and to give women more rights. It also says that the principle of irrevocable consent within marriage is not just and any proposals by Professor Glanville Williams is against women rights to dispose her body as she chooses. What I can say more, that I am of the same opinion as Fenwick and I think when read this article you should focus on the women rights. In 1990s the criminal law on rape was on the edge of changing. The principle, that at marriage woman gives irrevocable consent to have sex with husband, now is being challenged. There was strong public opinion that stranger rapist and husband rapist should be equal placed in the court room. Professor Glanville Williams in his article ‘The problem of domestic rape’ (141 NLJ 205); (141 NLJ 246); argues that husband should not be liable for ‘rape’ like stranger rapist for a number of reasons, which shall I discuss. In his article, Prof. Williams, is willing to affect changes in law on domestic rape topic. He argues that husband should be protected by exemption from domestic rape offence. Prof Williams gives further points to strengthen his position by saying that the principle of husband exemption from rape was standing for centuries, not only because it was a policy but also that husband do not deserve to be accused of rape. Spouses have long lasting relations hip and that for maybe one time when husband had not had a consent he is not worth be liable for the same offence as stranger rapist. Furthermore, after marital ‘rape’ couple can even be reconciled, and forget about that one incident and that domestic rape is far more less traumatic than stranger rapist. Moreover, Prof. Williams suggests that after abolishing exemption there is left to much protection for wife of criminal law in respect that at the marriage she accepts sexual relationship between her and husband. Another major concern of author is the sentencing problems which is against his view. Prof. Williams is of opinion that to punish husband for 3-5 years of imprisonment is too harsh. Author suggests that the sentence should be not about the years, but counting in days or even fine. Moreover, ‘compelling the woman to testify’ against his husband is not appropriate, for reason that woman can still feel love to her husband and this would be against her will to testify, but in our law now is contrary woman must testify. Prof. Williams uses an example to illustrate this by ‘In 1989 a wife who refused to testify against her husband in an assault case was fined by Newark magistrates for contempt of court. Author thinks that this is against family interests. Professor’s Glanville Williams arguments is very interesting and challenging the Criminal law on rape. Author is wide known, respected, honourable academic and his authority and validity seems to be able to influence Law Commission and other academics. He is using a lot of tools to affect the reader, start with involving the reader, where he is asking reader to image, think what he would be in the place of husband, and ending with appellation to conscience. Prof. Williams backups all of his arguments by using case law or articles or even interviews with people. Latter is really helpful to put more confidence in the article. As he has great authority so his reasoning is valid to the deep context of family relations. Author is supporting family welfare and put reconcilation as the strong argument that husband should have exemption from domestic rape. What is more, indeed is credible to rely on, as the reasoning this as I mentioned above, author is respected and honourable academic and if he would be so, we could not be influenced by his works. The last thing to say, but not least, is that the article is really well writen, it easy to read and understand. So it can affect general community. There are however some problems with Professor’s Williams arguments. It did not persuade me for a number of reasons. Let’s start with saying that the law should be equal to everyone who live within it. If Prof. Williams arguments would be accepted it is not right against, like he calls, ‘stranger rapist’. Why? For the reason, that the ‘stranger rapist’ not always is very horrific, and the future consequence might be more positive to victim, being raped by stranger. Despite the fact, that victim feels more horrific being raped by stranger than husband we can still perceive positive side. For example, when victim is raped by husband she cannot expect support from her family, also victim losses confidence in all men, no matter how good personality is man, he can still be able to do that horrible act. Now looking at the stranger who raped his victim, she gets full support from her close people and after a while she can get back confidence in herself and men. Moreover, it is women right to dispose her body as she wants and no husband can tell how she must act, the principle that husband has exemption is out-dated public policy. Furthermore, stranger as well as husband should have reasonable self-restraint level. So, to my mind, it is worth to have the same punishment for both wrongdoers, stranger and husband, because in the end the harm is done and offender must take the consequence of it. In relation, as Prof. Williams indicated, with ‘sentencing anomalies’ is very conflicting to law on sentencing. Author suggestion that downgrading domestic law to common assault would cause a lot of injustice into the law. It is the same to give privilege to one group of people and for other give more duties and severe sentences. This idea is step out of modern world, and denies the principle that all people should be equal to To consider all things mentioned above, it is clear that Professor Glanville Williams is respected and honourable academic, this article is written very well, it easy to read, comprehensive and credible. Despite this, his arguments is not walking a long side with modern world public pol icies and for this fact I do not agree with his article.

Tatay

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ARVE V. ABARIENTOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JEVEVRIEL R. AMANTE was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that PHILIP L. BAUGBOG was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATIONTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that FREDERICK JOHN B. BRILA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Educa tionNational Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ELYMAR M. CABALLAS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JEFFBECK D. CALILAP was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that NOE C. CECILIO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is he reby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATIONTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JOHN BRYAN T. COLICO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of EducationNational Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ELWIN DAVE P. CUADRA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that IVAN LEXTER P. DELA CRUZ was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Record s of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that RODEL T. FELIZMENA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his applica tion for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that EMERSON V. GUTIERREZ was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City SchoolsISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Ext ension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MICO B. INGAT was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JEFFREY M. MEDINA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was n ot involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JAMES ALELIO L. MENDOZA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2 013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that DAIMIEL ALEXANDER E. PASION was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon Ci ty CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that FRANCIS B. RAMOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MARIEL DC. ABLAZA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that LOVELY S. ANA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid with out school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that TRISHIA MAE A. ARROYO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certi fy that KRISTINE MAE E. BALDEO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATIONTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ANGELICA G. BALINGIT was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observ ed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of EducationNational Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MARY CRIS D. BARALLA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philip pines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JESSELLE Q. BATO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that REGILYN R. BORNALES was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that CAMILLE G. CABULOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this s chool. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MYLENE H. COPIA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Regio n Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ANNE LA RENCH C. CRUZ was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that DIANA CHARISSE B. DASIG was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Yea r 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JACQUILYN G. GEQUILLANA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby is sued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that MERIAM L. HOYOA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MAT HAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JERRIE MAY V. ILAGA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that RODILYN M. LEONA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office sh ow that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JOVELYN E. MONILLA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolmen t. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ALDREA MARGARITA D. PAULAR was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, G SIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that LORENA J. RAMOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that SALVE REGINA S. SABADO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JOAN M. SILVA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JULLIE ANNE V. SILVA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that CRISTALYN MAE R. TORRES was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that JERALDINE O. VELASCO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to ou r school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ROSSANA MARIE B. ZAPATA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not va lid without school seal Tatay Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ARVE V. ABARIENTOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JEVEVRIEL R. AMANTE was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that PHILIP L. BAUGBOG was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATIONTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that FREDERICK JOHN B. BRILA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Educa tionNational Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ELYMAR M. CABALLAS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JEFFBECK D. CALILAP was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that NOE C. CECILIO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is he reby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATIONTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JOHN BRYAN T. COLICO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of EducationNational Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ELWIN DAVE P. CUADRA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that IVAN LEXTER P. DELA CRUZ was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Record s of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that RODEL T. FELIZMENA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his applica tion for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that EMERSON V. GUTIERREZ was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City SchoolsISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Ext ension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MICO B. INGAT was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JEFFREY M. MEDINA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was n ot involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JAMES ALELIO L. MENDOZA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2 013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that DAIMIEL ALEXANDER E. PASION was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon Ci ty CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that FRANCIS B. RAMOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MARIEL DC. ABLAZA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that LOVELY S. ANA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid with out school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that TRISHIA MAE A. ARROYO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.He observed good moral conduct during his stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with his application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certi fy that KRISTINE MAE E. BALDEO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATIONTO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ANGELICA G. BALINGIT was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observ ed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of EducationNational Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MARY CRIS D. BARALLA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philip pines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JESSELLE Q. BATO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that REGILYN R. BORNALES was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that CAMILLE G. CABULOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this s chool. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that MYLENE H. COPIA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Regio n Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ANNE LA RENCH C. CRUZ was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that DIANA CHARISSE B. DASIG was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Yea r 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JACQUILYN G. GEQUILLANA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby is sued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that MERIAM L. HOYOA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MAT HAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JERRIE MAY V. ILAGA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that RODILYN M. LEONA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office sh ow that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JOVELYN E. MONILLA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolmen t. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ALDREA MARGARITA D. PAULAR was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, G SIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that LORENA J. RAMOS was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that SALVE REGINA S. SABADO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school sealRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JOAN M. SILVA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment.Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that JULLIE ANNE V. SILVA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations.She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that CRISTALYN MAE R. TORRES was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013.Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR. HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN;This is to certify that JERALDINE O. VELASCO was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to ou r school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not valid without school seal Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region Division of City Schools ISMAEL MATHAY SR.HIGH SCHOOL Branches Extension, GSIS Village, Sangandaan, Quezon City CERTIFICATION TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN; This is to certify that ROSSANA MARIE B. ZAPATA was a bonafide student of this school, for the School Year 2012 – 2013. Records of this office show that the above named student was not involved in any incident in violation to our school rules and regulations. She observed good moral conduct during her stay in this school. This certification is hereby issued in connection with her application for enrolment. Given this 20th day of March, 2013. LYDIA SOLIVA-RAMOS Principal IV Not va lid without school seal

A Study on the Benefit of Children’s Exposure to Violence in Media as Described by Gerard Jones in His Book, Violent Media Is Good For Kids

A Study on the Benefit of Children’s Exposure to Violence in Media as Described by Gerard Jones in His Book, Violent Media Is Good For Kids Who better to help the younger generations through the angst and frustration that comes with the burden of growing up than a comic book artist? In â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids†, Gerard Jones writes about the positive aspects exposing children to violent media. Opening the essay with his personal experience and the outlet it allowed him as he was growing up, he slowly transitions into discussing other children’s similarly positive encounters. Jones argues that in most instances, it is helpful and healthy for a child to be exposed to violent media. The audience that Jones is trying to persuade seems to be very clear after initially reading the essay. Digging a little deeper, the essay was first published on the magazine Mother Jones’s website. In the â€Å"about† section on the Mother Jones website their mission is described as, â€Å"a strong voice for social justice: Racial discrimination, womens rights, environmental justice, and the plight of immigrant farmworkers are all issues you will find covered in the magazine from its first year of publication to the present† (Hochschild, Mother Jones: The Magazine). Learning about what the purpose of this publication stands for, it becomes even more apparent which audience that Jones is speaking to. As a very left-wing publication, Jones seems to be trying to persuade new parents of the same political views that raising their children around some violent media is okay. Gerard Jones spends the essay supporting his argument to these parents with minimal use of log os but great use of pathos and ethos. Gerard Jones opens his essay with the use of ethos, constructing his credibility by describing his childhood and how violent media positively helped him maneuver through his road to adulthood. Jones explains that as he was growing up, his parents taught him the same thing that many others are taught as children, that violence is not the correct way to handle conflict and that anger is a feeling to be left out of matters. Jones describes his childhood in the first paragraph, â€Å"My parents, not trusting the violent world of the late 1960s, built a wall between me and the crudest elements of American pop culture† (199). Although his parents made great attempts at stifling their child into a pacifist young adult, Jones discovered the wonderful world of Marvel and the Hulk. Identifying most with the Hulk, Jones imagined himself following his â€Å"fantasy self† which allowed him to do whatever he wanted, without a care of what disapproval may follow. Being an angry child that was able to channel his rage through comic books helps Jones solidify his position that violent media is not always as terrible as it is made out to be. As an adult, Jones is not only a comic book writer, but also an advocate for exposing children to violent media. Working alongside Melanie Moore, a psychologist, the two of them study the way violent stories help children develop in a healthy way. Demonstrating logos, Jones quotes his colleague, Moore, Fear, greed, power-hunger, rage: these are aspects of ourselves that we try not to experience in our lives but often want, even need, to experience vicariously through stories of others. Children need violent entertainment in order to explore the inescapable feelings that theyve been taught to deny, and to reintegrate those feelings into a more whole, more complex, more resilient selfhood (201). Adding a psychologist’s perspective, Jones is setting his point more firmly by bringing in an outside authority. Completing his method of relating his credibility to the reader, Jones turns the reader’s attention to facts from a person in the field of understanding the way the bra in works and habits of human beings. Delving deeper into his reasoning for being a credible source on the subject of children and violent media, Jones returns to the use of ethos to further establish not only his authority, but Moore’s. After discussing his history with the reader and establishing some scientific background, Jones gives some slight overview of the work that he does with the help of Moore. Jones states that he started a program called â€Å"Power Play† where he helps â€Å"young people improve their self-knowledge and sense of potency through heroic, combative storytelling† (201). Establishing that his is a topic he not only studies but is heavily involved in helps the reader believe that what he is saying is true. Jones is not only reading charts, answers from a survey, or however he and Moore conduct their research but is, instead, actively involving himself with children and including violent stories into their development. Giving the reader an understanding of how violence in med ia can help children, Jones is persuading the reader with examples of his work. Transitioning from heavy use of ethos, Jones turns to pathos near the end of his piece. Once he got the reader to understand him as an author, Jones seems to have set about getting the reader to understand the reason behind his passion. Telling the tale of a young girl he worked with, Jones describes that although her home life is not an ideal situation, listening to rap as helped her find â€Å"a theater of the mind in which she could be powerful, ruthless, invulnerable† (202). Jones explains that she went to college and became a writer while avoiding the use of the drugs her peers were using (202). He seems to be trying to put the reader into the mind of a struggling adolescent to feel empathy for the children who are not blessed with a peaceful life at home. Reminding the reader, possibly, of times when life was confusing and messy assists Jones in giving the reader a second to consider that maybe things would have been easier had they had an outlet to give their rage over to. This placement of the reader into the shoes of an angry adolescent is vital in Jones’ argument. Gerard Jones is a clear writer in thoughts and example, building a solid case in favor of letting children experience violent media. Jones makes great examples of real people to further his point because it gives the reader something solid to relate to. Additionally, his and Moore’s credentials gives the reader a writer that they can trust. There is a really strong building of trust between the reader and the writer throughout the entire piece with Jones spending most of his time establishing himself as a reliable source for the subject. At the end of this piece, it is hard to believe that most people will not be swayed into letting their children partake in an hour of Power Rangers.

The Kurds A Stateless Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Kurds A Stateless Nation - Essay Example Studies indicate that, the political and social-economic changes witnessed by the rural Kurds in the 1950s such as industrialization, rural-urban migration, mechanization of farming and agriculture, and political mobilization destabilized the tribal structure of their tribal structure (Romano 66). For instance, over 35% of the Kurdish population in Turkey lives in Izmir, Ankara, Istanbul, and other parts of Turkish cities. Many of these people left Kurdistan forcibly because of political and state terror or voluntarily because of economic and social purposes. This essay will explore more on the language, religion, and other cultural and economic aspects of Kurdish identity. According to Zulal (146), the Kurds continues to speak many languages of the Kurdish commonly categorized into two groups. The first language group is Kurmanji spoken by over 75% of the Kurds, composed of two branches; North Kurmanji the most widely used language among the Kurds and South Kurmanji. The second lang uage group is the Pahlawani spoken by the 25% of the Kurds population and composed of two branches; Dimili and Gurani. Kurdish language serves as the cementing power of the Kurdish nationalism. For the past decades, conflicts have emerged within different tribes as many attempt to differentiate languages used by the Kurds. For instance, in the early 1920s, Ataturk substituted the alphabet words used in Turkish from the Arabic and Latin alphabet. As a result, the Kurds from turkey were forced to embrace and adapt the Latin alphabet for their language. In 1924, strict measures were imposed in Turkey to suppress the Kurds’ language (Entessar 66). The measures involved banning both written and spoken word of Kurdish language and ensuring that only those who speak and understand Turkish are provided with information and education. During that period, possession and distribution of written materials in Kurdish language became a severe crime liable to be punished by long prison sent ence. However, in the early 1990s, Kurds within Turkey began to use their language. Many Kurds have had the opportunity to express their thoughts in writings and readings. In terms of religion, two thirds of the Kurds’ population are Sunni Muslims who adhere mostly to the Shafi’i legal schools. However, the Arab and Turkish adhere to the Hanafi schools while Persian and Azeri to the Shi’ite schools. The remaining population of Kurds adhere to heterodox and rituals and beliefs that are somehow influenced by Islam, but more influenced by other Iranian religion. The Syncretistic sects include the Ahle-e Haqq also known as people of truth, the Alevis, and Ahl-e Haqq. Still, there a few thousands Christians Kurds and Jewish Kurds living in and outside Kurdistan. In the 18th and 19th century, religion played a significant role in the Kurdish community. It dictates the way people lived and perceived things. For instance, most of the Kurdish rebellions that broke out be tween 1880 and 1940 were initiated by Sheikhs (Gunter 539). At this point, the rebellion was affected by the religious differences of the Kurds. For example, Sunnis divided into two religious diversities; the Naqshbandi and Qadiri that never cooperated with each other effectively. The religion diversities between the two religions instigated rebellious. In regard to education, the ban of the Kurdish language and shortages of teachers and schools in Kurdish community have hindered education development. A study

The effects Hip Hop have a society, money, and cars today Research Paper

The effects Hip Hop have a society, money, and cars today - Research Paper Example They formed the DJ Africa Bambaataa, a hip hop collective and  later  the Zulu Nation.  Since its emergence from Bronx, hip hop  style  has spread to the urban and remote communities throughout the world.  There are four  collective  elements of hip hop, comprising; hip hop dance, rapping, graffiti arts and  Deejaying. Rapping This is the  primary  ingredient of hip hop music. It comprises spoken and rhyming chanted lyrics. It is different from spoken word poetry in that it gets synchronized in time to a beat. There are different types of rap; the old school rap (1979-1984) characterized by relatively easy raps with no lyrical technique. The golden  age  rap; period in which the greatest  transformation  took place,  complex  word  play  and  lyrical  kung fu introduced. Moreover,  rap  contains  flow; the rhythm and rhymes of hip hop music and how they interact. Flow also refers to elements such as  volume, timbre and pitch (Price 26 ). DJ (Disk Jockey) Rap music began with the Deejaying from the beginning rappers accompanied by a turn tablist who scratch to create a percussive sounds that are in sync with the rapper on the stage. The turn tablists are able to  create  a  beat  that ensures the rapper’s  pitch, flow and  rhythm  are all integrated (Price 30). Hip hop dance This refers to the dance styles performed to hip hop music. It  becomes viewed  as evolved as a part of hip hop  culture. Most notably styles include; popping, breaking, and locking created in the 1970s. Developed by  dance  crews, it gave hip hop mainstream exposure. Graffiti and Emceeing Graffiti involve writings or drawings always scribbled or sprayed on the wall or any other surfaces. It is a  part  of the hip hop  culture. Hip hop artists and fans have used graffiti to  express  underlying political and social messages throughout the world. Graffiti also  express  a  whole  genre  of hip hop. Moreover, the next element of the hip hop culture included emceeing, an individual in sync with the artist and deejay who stimulates and teases the  crowd. It is the far most successful  element  taking different forms from spoken  word  to  free  styling (Price 31). The most significant aspects of hip hop culture are being  authentic. There are three methods in which  artist  establish  authenticity; being original (true to themselves), reflecting the  society  from which they come from and having respect and  understanding  for the origins and styles of the  early  hip hop. Hip hop has not escaped controversies in this modern era. Hip hop  particularly  gangster rap has often been criticized because of  many  reasons enumerated bellow. Glorification of Violence Hip hop  has become criticized  by many people on the basis of promoting violence amongst the youths and hip hop lovers. After the murder, of Tupac Shakur and many violent scenes created by hip hop rap music has promoted ugly scenes of violence among the youth and children. Today cable channels and satellite  television  portray  rap videos of  primarily  young black men swaggering, group like, through estates projects and pulling imaginary triggers with their fingers. They perceive violence to be  cool, and that should be embraced by kids and teenagers. Most recent case involved the killing of a London rap fan Alex Muamba stabbed to death in the streets. Many young people  get attracted  to danger; rappers describe their